What are Electrochemical Sensors?
Electrochemical sensors are analytical devices that convert a chemical interaction into an electrical signal. These sensors are highly valuable in
bioanalytical sciences for the detection and quantification of various biological and chemical substances. They typically consist of an
electrode system and a recognition element that is selective for the analyte of interest.
How Do Electrochemical Sensors Work?
The working principle of electrochemical sensors involves the interaction of the target analyte with the recognition element, which leads to a measurable electrical signal. This signal can be in the form of current, voltage, or impedance, depending on the type of sensor. Common types of electrochemical sensors include
potentiometric,
amperometric, and
conductometric sensors.
Potentiometric Sensors: Measure the voltage change due to the chemical reaction. Commonly used for
pH measurement and ion-selective electrodes.
Amperometric Sensors: Measure the current produced by the oxidation or reduction of the analyte. Widely used in
glucose monitoring and other biosensors.
Conductometric Sensors: Measure the change in electrical conductivity of the solution. Useful in detecting ionic species in a solution.
Clinical Diagnostics: Used in
blood glucose meters and other point-of-care testing devices.
Environmental Monitoring: Detecting pollutants and contaminants in water and soil.
Food Safety: Monitoring the presence of pathogens and toxins in food products.
Pharmaceutical Analysis: Quantifying pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites.
Sensitivity and Selectivity: High sensitivity and selectivity for the target analyte.
Rapid Response: Quick response time, enabling real-time monitoring.
Portability: Small size and portability for on-site analysis.
Cost-Effectiveness: Generally cost-effective compared to other analytical methods.
Interference: Potential interference from other substances in the sample can affect accuracy.
Stability: Sensitivity to environmental conditions such as temperature and pH.
Lifetime: Limited lifespan and potential for fouling of the electrode surface.
