Advanced analytical techniques are essential for tackling the complexity of biological samples. Methods such as mass spectrometry (MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are widely used. These techniques offer high resolution, sensitivity, and specificity, enabling the detection and quantification of target molecules even at low concentrations. Coupling techniques, like LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), further enhance analytical capabilities by combining the separation power of chromatography with the detection power of mass spectrometry.
