Microchip CE operates based on the principles of electrophoresis, where charged particles are separated under the influence of an electric field. The microchip typically consists of microchannels etched onto a glass, polymer, or silicon substrate. Samples are introduced into these microchannels, and an electric field is applied, causing the components to migrate at different rates according to their size-to-charge ratios. Detection methods such as laser-induced fluorescence or UV absorbance are often integrated into the system to identify and quantify the separated analytes.
